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NASA : SCIENCE BLOG

NASA : SCIENCE BLOG    When it comes to achieving incredible feats of aerospace engineering Exploring the wonders of the universe And realizing the dreams of astronauts from around the world There’s one organization that stands out above all others This is the Evolution of NASA In the first episode we will cover the origins of NASA When World War 1 started in 1914, the United States lagged far behind Europe In technology and the number of military airplanes Great Britain had 400 military airplanes Germany 1,000 and France even 1,400 While the United States only had 23  In order to catch up, the NACA or National  Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was founded In 1915 on a mission to change the face of U.S. aviation The research of this committee and its technological expertise laid the foundation for NASA Unlike NASA’s current huge budget of 22.6 billion dollars The NACA initially only had a budget of 5,000 dollars NACA received more funding in the following years Leading to ground brea

Lamborghini a new thing (1)

 Lamborghini a new thing (1)




 To own a Lamborghini is the ultimatedream for many car enthusiasts. The luxury sports car maker has been craftingiconic vehicles since 1963 and its designs have hung on the bedroom walls of bullish teens for generations since. But what is it about Lamborghinisthat makes them so admired? And how have they evolved throughout the years? This is the evolution of Lamborghini! Despite its modern-day statusas a symbol of wealth, luxury and speed, Lamborghini actually hasquite a humble origin story. Named after its founder,Ferruccio Lamborghini, the company started out by making,of all things, tractors! Mr Lamborghini had servedin the Italian Royal Air Force as a mechanic during World War 2. And after the war, he used his skillsto open a repair shop.


 After acquiring surplus military units, Ferruccio converted them into tractorsand made a lucrative business out of it. In 1959, production started for a tractor that some would refer to as the great-grandfather of all Lamborghini vehicles, the DLA 35 Super. It was powered by Lamborghini’s2.2 liter, three-cylinder diesel engine and could reach a top speed of 15 miles per hour. In total, 117 of these beautiful beasts were made. So if you hear a farmer saythat he has a Lamborghini, you better believe him! 


But then Ferruccio also started exploring his real passion with sports cars. Ferruccio owned a Ferrari 250 GT back then and funnily enough, if it hadn’t been for Ferrari’s rude customer service and disapproving attitude, Lamborghini sports carsmay never have even existed! That’s because when Lamborghini complained to Ferrari about the performance of his clutch and asked for a replacement, his fellow Italian insulted him and told him 


"it was the driver to blame, not the vehicle." According to one source, Enzo Ferrari himself said something along the lines of, “You're just a sillytractor manufacturer, how could you possibly know anything about sports cars?" Well, not long after that encounter, Lamborghini unveiledhis first official sports car in May 1964; a very capable rival to Ferrari, the Lamborghini 350 GT. The 350 GT wasn’t quite finishedwhen it debuted at the Turin Auto Show. In fact, the designers had to place a bunch of bricks where the engine should’ve been  and kept the hood shut the entire time! A 3.5 liter V12 was eventually put in place though, reaching a top speed of 155 miles per hour and going from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 6.8 seconds. 


That wasn’t too bad at all in the mid 1960’s! Despite its great performance, Ferruccio’s sights were not set on making a race car, but rather a smoothly driving road car, like the Ferrari he owned. In total, 120 units were made and the Lamborghini was sold for $18,000 at launch. If you can find one in pristine condition today, you can expect to pay a lot more than that! In fact, in 2015, a rareand exquisitely restored 350 GT was sold at auctionfor a whopping $935,000! The all-important sequel to the 350 GT was the Lamborghini 400 GT 2+2, released in 1966. It had room for 4 people as opposed to just 2 and featured a more powerful3.9 liter V12 engine. As a result, it could hit atop speed of 168 miles per hour and go from 0 to 60 in 7.5 seconds. In total, 250 units were madewith a cost of $14,750 at launch. By the mid-to-late 60’s,


 Lamborghini had gained plenty of recognition as a serious manufacturer of quality sports cars. They were not just a one-hit wonder, the raging bull was here to stay! FUN FACT: the famous logo was apparently chosen because Ferruccio Lamborghiniwas a Taurus as a zodiac sign. He also attended bull fights regularly, and thought it was the perfect image to use as his company logo. And that logo was certainly getting noticed. In 1969, production startedfor the legendary Lamborghini Miura. Many highly influential people had a Lamborghini Miura when it came out during the same era as the 400 GT. Rod Stewart, Elton Johnand Frank Sinatra all owned one. 


At the time, Sinatra was quoted as saying: "You buy a Ferrari when you want to be somebody. You buy a Lamborghini when you are somebody." You can bet Ferruccio Lamborghinihad a big smile on his face hearing those words. The Miura was a 2-seater that hada top speed of 177 miles per hour, making it the fastest production car in the world. It could accelerate from 0 to 60 in just 6.5 seconds. 338 original Lamborghini Miuraswere produced up until 1971, each costing $20,000. If you want to buy a Miura today,you'll have to pay about 100x that amount. FUN FACT: the name ‘Miura’ also doubled down on the bull theme, as Miura is a breed of Spanish fighting bull. 1967 saw one of several concept carsdesigned by Lamborghini, named the Lamborghini Marzal. It was a 4 passenger car with a 2 liter, straight-six engine. 


It maxed out at 140 miles per hour and could go from 0 to 60 in 7 seconds. Only one prototypeof the Marzal was ever built. Mr Lamborghini later stated that the Marzalwas never intended as a production car but rather as a form of advertising. He said: “If you present a car like the Marzal at automobile shows, such as Geneve, Turin and Frankfurt, all the magazines reporton the first page about it. You would rather spend 100 million lirefor building such an automobile which is still less expensivethan paying for all the advertising. That would cost almost a billion lire. So it compensates in any caseto build such a throwaway car.” In 2011, this so-called “throwaway car”was sold for 1.8 million dollars! Next on the production line,between 1968 and 1970, was the 4-seater Lamborghini Islero. It was built to replace the 400 GT, though it retained the same engineand had a slightly lower top speed and marginally improved acceleration. 225 units were madeand it was sold for $18,000. 


The Islero got its name from a Miura bull that killed a famous matador named Manuel Rodriguez in 1947. Meanwhile the car’s designwas kept conservative and in line with the 400 GT’s look,unlike this next entry. Also launched in 1968 was the Lamborghini Espada, which didn’t have the typical sports car look. The car’s sharp edges suited its name, with ‘Espada’ being the Spanish word for ‘sword’. It housed the same V12 engine as its sisters, meaning that the 4-seatgrand touring coupĂ© was not the fastest but it could still reach 155 miles per hourand go from 0 to 60 in 6.5 seconds. It had a price tag of $21,000 and over a decade 1,200 units were built, making it easily the most produced Lamborghini so far. When it came time to replace the Islero in 1970, rather than just giving it a redesign, Lamborghini opted to make the Jarama instead.


 Just like the Espada, the car doesn’t look like the typical Lamborghini. You’ve probably noticed bynow that the Italian car company likes to give its vehicles Spanish names and to keep the bull theme going.... and this car was no different! The Jarama was intendedto recall the fighting bulls bred in the Jarama river area of Spain, as opposed to the Jarama racetrackof the same name located in Madrid. The car was powered by the same 3.9 liter Lamborghini V12 engine used in the Islero and Espada, giving it a top speed of 162 mphand 0 to 60 in 6.9 seconds. 328 Jarama units were builtand it had a launch price of $22,500. While this price may not seem like a lot, adjusted for inflation it would be $150,000 today. In 1971, Ferruccio Lamborghini surprised the world with the new Lamborghini Miura. In addition to subtlevisual updates, the SV had a revamped engine and 385 horsepower, whereas the original Miura had 370 horsepower. This translated to atop speed of 186 mph, making it even faster than the original. The acceleration was also improved. It could go from 0 to 60 mph in just 5.8 seconds. The car was sold for $21,000. 


The SV was also the lastand rarest model in the Miura lineup,  as only 150 of them were ever made. If we compare all Lamborghinis so far, we can see that the Miura SV is not onlythe fastest car, but also the quickest. Surprisingly, it wasn’t even the most expensive car. If you want to own a low-milage Miura SV today be prepared to rob a bank, because the price tag is 3.2 million dollars! In 1972, shortly before the Miura was discontinued, Ferruccio sold his controlling shares of the Lamborghini company. Just two years later he retiredand it’s believed that he retired because he had achieved everythinghe had set out to do with the Miura. And to end the video, I would dare you to like, subscribe and hit the bell icon faster than the Miura SVaccelerates from 0 to 60! Go! Click on the video on the left to watch episode 2. 

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