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NASA : SCIENCE BLOG

NASA : SCIENCE BLOG    When it comes to achieving incredible feats of aerospace engineering Exploring the wonders of the universe And realizing the dreams of astronauts from around the world There’s one organization that stands out above all others This is the Evolution of NASA In the first episode we will cover the origins of NASA When World War 1 started in 1914, the United States lagged far behind Europe In technology and the number of military airplanes Great Britain had 400 military airplanes Germany 1,000 and France even 1,400 While the United States only had 23  In order to catch up, the NACA or National  Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was founded In 1915 on a mission to change the face of U.S. aviation The research of this committee and its technological expertise laid the foundation for NASA Unlike NASA’s current huge budget of 22.6 billion dollars The NACA initially only had a budget of 5,000 dollars NACA received more funding in the following years Leading to ground brea

Evalution in ferrari : a blog

Evalution in ferrari : a blog



 



 









 we’ll feature the latest, fastest  and most exciting Ferraris ever created! This is the Evolution of Ferrari, Part 3! In 2003 the Challenge Stradale came to market. It was a true racing car for the road. To achieve this Ferrari designed a carwith major modifications to its engine, aerodynamics, brakes and F1 gearbox. The car was also significantly reduced in weight, making the car 110 kilograms lighter than the 360 Modena.

To realize this weight reduction the technicians had removed anything that wasn’t strictly functional to performance or safety. Besides using aluminum, which weighs a third of steel, they also introduced titanium as a new material. The Challenge Stradale could go from0 to 60 miles per hour in just 2.5 seconds. Next came the 612 Scaglietti, which was a 4 seater grand tourer. The car was named in honor of Sergio Scaglietti who was responsible for the bodywork ofsome of the most famous Ferraris of all time. It is a luxurious car that is both intended to be fast and powerful, but it’s also designed for longer journeys.

 In total Ferrari made over 3,000 of these Scaglietti models. The Ferrari F430 was unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show. It was designed to look completely different from its predecessor,the Ferrari 360 Modena, and it had considerably improved aerodynamic efficiency. The F430 hails the arrival of a whole new generation of V8-engined Berlinettas. 

Despite the new engine the car didn’t set any new records though. Fun Fact Ferrari won its first racing victory in 1947, but did you know that in total Ferrari hastaken home more than 5,000 trophies? Over the past 74 years Ferrari keeps dominating on the racing tracks  with its excellent racecars and drivers. In 2005 came another Superamerica, it was named after the early Ferrari models of the 60s, that you might remember from the first part of this series.

 If we compare the performance of these cars, we can see how much Ferrari has evolved throughout the years. Drivers of the Superamerica could choose between two settings. The first is sport, for high performance driving and the second is comfort, for long distance driving and to absorb bumps from driving on uneven surfaces. It was also the first car in the world to have a rotating glass roof, converting the car from a coupĂ© to a drop-top. In 2006 Ferrari introduced a new grand tourer, the 599 GTB Fiorano. It was designed with several specific objectives in mind: to increase driving pleasure, to guarantee performance, and to ensure comfort, ergonomics and safety. 

The Fiorana was one of the fastest Ferrariswith a top speed in excess of 205 miles per hour. It had a starting price of $300,000 dollars. Fun Fact If owning a Ferrari is way out of your budget, you can at least experience the thrill and sensation of driving one by visiting the Ferrari Theme Park, located in Abu Dhabi. Called Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, it opened in 2010 and is home to many insane attractions, including the Formula Rossa rollercoasterwhich is the fastest rollercoaster in the world! It reaches speeds of up to 150 miles per hour. In 2007 the 430 Scuderia was unveiled by, none other than Michael Schumacher. The seven times World Championspent a lot of time testing the 430 Scuderia. When it was developed he carefully applied his racing method that made him unique on the racetrack for many years. 

The car was aimed to compete with carslike the Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera, that had a top speed of 196 miles per hour. The Ferrari Scuderia was slightly faster and could reach 198 miles per hour. Many people consider the 458 Italia to be among Ferrari’s most popular sports cars. The mid-engine automobile replaced the F430 and was met with much admiration and applause when it was unveiledat the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. It also won multiple awards including"Car of the Year 2009" and "Supercar of the Year." Multiple models were produced up until 2015, including the 458 Spider which was crowned"Cabrio of the Year 2011" by Top Gear magazine. 

The 458 Italia became the most produced Ferrari by far,over 15,000 units were made! And that’s not all, another 6,000 units were made of the Spyder variant, bringing the total to a whopping 21,000 cars! Next came the Ferrari California. This model was primarily intended to attract new Ferrari owners. It was a landmark car for Ferrari since it represents a number ofconcepts being used for the first time in their road cars, such as the first front engine Ferrari with a V8 and the first to feature a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.

 In 2014 an updated design of the Californiawas released known as the California T. It was not only quicker and faster, it also used new technologies and reduced emission by 15%. In 2010 a very exclusive model was released, the SA Aperta. It paid respect to the designers, since the “SA” designation stands for Sergio and Andrea Pininfarina. The SA Aperta was a roadster variant of the Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano. Only 80 examples were built in celebration ofPininfarina’s 80th anniversary. In 2011 the Ferrari FF was released, with FF standing for Ferrari Four, since it had four seats and for the first time in Ferrari’s history, four-wheel drive. When released it was the world’s fastest four-seat automobile, with a top speed of 208 miles per hour. Upon release, you could purchase an FF for $300,000 dollars.

 One year later another special Ferrari model was introduced, the F12 Berlinetta. The 6.3 liter V12 engine, made it one of the fastest Ferraris, with a top speed in excess of 211 miles per hour. It also won multiple awards, including“The Supercar of the Year 2012” by Top Gear magazine. In 2013 Ferrari made another concept car, named the Pininfarina Sergio. It was a tribute to Sergio Pininfarina, who had passed away on the 3rd of July 2012. The Pininfarina Sergio, also known as the Ferrari Sergio is based on the Ferrari 458 Spider and designed in collaboration with Pininfarina, a company that has designed some of the most loved and iconic Ferraris. 

It is one of the rarest Ferraris in the world, and each customer was handpicked by the company. Only 6 units were built. Each unit reportedly cost 3 million dollars! Fun Fact In 2013, the chairman of Ferrari announced that they would be limiting the number of vehiclesproduced to just 7,000 units per year. He explained this by saying that Obviously this wasn’t a popular decision among Ferrari fans and just one year later that chairman was gone and the cap was lifted. Production was immediately ramped up to 7,200 cars per year with a view of producing as many as 10,000 a year in the near future. The LaFerrari is an absolute gem and a favorite among celebritiesincluding

 Cristiano Ronaldo and Justin Bieber. Aside from its gorgeous looks, the LaFerrari features the most powerful engine to date, a 6.3 liter V12 that can produce 950 brake horsepower, achieving a top speed of 218 miles per hour! This made it the fastest Ferrari road car, and they haven’t made a faster car since. Manufactured between 2013 and 2016, only 500 units were ever made and it was sold for almost $1.5 million per vehicle. In 2016 a special open-top version of the LaFerrariwas released known as the Aperta. Initially 200 units were sold, but an extra nine were made for the celebration of the70th anniversary of the Ferrari company. Fun Fact in 2017 a LaFerrari model was sold at RM Sotheby’s auctionfor almost $10 million dollars! Setting a new auction record for a modern car. Ferrari replaced the 458 by the 488 GTB in 2015. It received a new 3.9 liter twin-turbo V8 engine, for maximum performance, immediate response, and incredible sound. 

This engine made it possible to reach a top speed of 208 miles per hour and go from 0 to 60 miles per hour in just 2.9 seconds. The 488 GTB was named “The Supercar of the Year 2015”by Top Gear magazine. Ferrari built another four-seat full-size grand tourer, named the GTC4Lusso. It was incredibly fast for a grand tourer with a top speed of 208 miles per hour. Now we come to the most recent Ferraris that are still in stores today, at least when making this video. The 812 Superfast was introduced in 2017 and just like the previous model it also was a grand tourer. Ferrari stated that designing the car was a special challenge,as they wanted to push for new boundaries. The challenge paid off as it became one of the fastest Ferraris with a top speed of 211 miles per hour. In 2017 the Ferrari Portofino was released. The car was named after the village of Portofino in northern Italy. The car stands for elegance, sportiness and luxury. It was designed to be driven on a daily basis, rather than being taken only for occasional rides.

 I sure would love to if I had the chance. The price of the Portofino starts at $215,000 dollars. The Ferrari Monza SP 1 and 2 are very limited productionsports cars introduced in 2019. These are forerunners of a new concept,known as “Icona” meaning Icon in Italian. The intention was to combine a modern lookwith technologically advanced components and to reach for the highest performance possiblethrough continuous innovation. In total fewer than 500 are expected to be produced, with a starting price of 1.6 million dollars. 

The Ferrari Roma is a grand touring, high performance sports car. The design was inspired by the grand touring Ferraris of the 1960s. The Roma embodies a modern design, with its pure, minimalisticand refined styling, while still showing its power and sportiness. What a beauty. The price tag of the Ferrari Roma starts at $222,620. Fun Fact Selling cars is not the only way Ferrari does big business. The company sells tons of expensive merchandise, with everything from clothing and shoes to accessories like watches, sunglasses, toys and mobile phone covers featuring the brand. 

You can even buy a 1:8 scale model of a Ferrari F14T... if you have $5,400 to spend! There are no fewer than 30 Ferrari boutique storescurrently dotted around the globe, all of which generate a considerable amount of money for Ferrari. The successor of the 488, is the Ferrari F8 Tributo. It had notable exterior and performance changes. The F8 Tributo is another masterpiece and usesthe most powerful V8 in Ferrari’s history, capable of reaching 60 miles per hour in just 2.8 seconds and it has a top speed of 211 miles per hour. Do you want one yourself? The price starts at about $280,000 dollars. Perhaps the most impressive Ferrari currentlyin production is the SF90 Stradale.

 It’s certainly one of the quickest, racing from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 2.4 seconds and achieving a top speed of 211 miles per hour. The 4 liter V8 engine has up to 769 brake horsepower! The ‘90’ in SF90 represents the 90th anniversaryof the Scuderia Ferrari racing team, while "Stradale" can be translated as "made for the road". And finally there is the Ferrari 296 GTB, which was unveiled in 2021, but scheduled to be released in 2022. The latest Ferrari introduced, for the first time in Ferrari’s history, a V6 engine coupled with a plug-in electric motor, for a total of 818 horsepower. The 296 GTB is expected to reach a top speed of over 210 miles per hour, thanks to its superlight weight of only 1470 kilograms. It’s unbelievable how much Ferrari has evolved from the start in 1947 all the way to 2021. The iconic luxury sports car brand continues to innovate and push to new boundaries. Which is your favorite Ferrari of all time? Let us know in the comments. This series took months to create, so please subscribe and like the video, thank you! 

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